Cheatsheets

IoT

Internet of Things — architecture layers, protocols, connectivity, and security, with a reference diagram.

28 entries

Architecture layers5

Perception / device

Sensors & actuators collecting data

Connectivity

Transport from device to network

Edge / gateway

Local aggregation, filtering, protocol bridging

Cloud / platform

Ingest, storage, rules, analytics

Application

Dashboards, alerts, control

Protocols7

MQTT

Lightweight pub/sub over TCP — the IoT default

QoS 0 / 1 / 2

MQTT delivery guarantees: at-most-once / at-least-once / exactly-once

LWT (Last Will & Testament)

Broker publishes a tombstone when a device drops ungracefully

CoAP

REST-like over UDP for constrained devices

AMQP

Reliable enterprise messaging

HTTP / WebSocket

Simple request/response or push

LwM2M

Device management over CoAP

Connectivity5

Wi-Fi

High bandwidth, mains-powered devices

BLE

Short range, low power (wearables, beacons)

Zigbee / Thread / Matter

Mesh for smart home

LoRaWAN

Long range, low power, low bandwidth

NB-IoT / LTE-M

Cellular low-power wide-area

Security & ops5

Per-device identity

Unique keys/certs per device

TLS / DTLS

Encrypt device ↔ cloud traffic

Secure boot

Verify firmware integrity at start

OTA updates

Signed, staged remote firmware updates

Network segmentation

Isolate IoT from core networks

Data & storage2

Time-series DB (InfluxDB / TimescaleDB)

Purpose-built storage for timestamped sensor readings

Stream / rules engine

Real-time processing of inbound device events

Platforms4

AWS IoT Core / Azure IoT Hub

Managed device gateways

Google Cloud IoT / ThingsBoard

Ingest + device mgmt + dashboards

Home Assistant

Open-source smart-home hub

InfluxDB / TimescaleDB

Time-series storage